When we talk about fermented foods, we often think of kombucha, sauerkraut, or sourdough bread. But there’s one ancient ferment that’s been with humanity for thousands of years, served in a glass… and still full of microbial life. We’re talking about wine.
Yes, wine is a ferment. And a fascinating one.
What Is Wine?
Wine is made by fermenting grape juice. When grapes are pressed, they release a sweet juice (called must) full of natural sugars. That’s when yeasts come into play: they consume those sugars and convert them into alcohol, carbon dioxide, and aromatic compounds that give wine its character.
The Real Stars: The Yeasts
The key players in this transformation are yeasts, especially a species called Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In conventional wines, commercial yeasts are often added to control the process.
But in natural wine, the fermentation relies on wild yeasts found on the grape skins and in the winery environment. This is called spontaneous fermentation, and it’s a process full of life (and surprises!).
What Makes Each Wine Unique?
- The grape variety
- The climate and soil of the vineyard (terroir)
- The fermentation method (in steel, wood, clay, etc.)
- The skin contact time
- How long the wine is aged or refined
Each of these elements influences the wine’s flavor, aroma, texture, and color.
What Is Natural Wine?
Natural wine is made without additives or artificial intervention. It comes from organically grown grapes, ferments with wild yeasts, and has little to no added sulfites.
It may look cloudy or have sediment, but that’s not a flaw—it’s a sign of life.
Wine as a Living Ferment
Some natural wines continue to evolve in the bottle. They might have a bit of fizz or show changing aromas over time. That’s part of what makes each bottle unique.
How to Start Exploring Natural Wines
- Try an unfiltered wine and notice its texture and aromas.
- Be open to lesser-known grape varieties.
- Look for producers who focus on natural practices.
- Don’t overchill or rush it—sip slowly and enjoy the journey.
In Summary…
Wine is an ancient ferment, born from grapes and transformed by microbes and time. In its most natural form, it’s a pure expression of the vineyard and the winemaker. If you’re into living ferments, wine is a whole world waiting to be explored.